the first contribution to the atmospheric pollution is natural disaster, causing great damage to human life, including as volcanic eruption and forest fire. firstly, during a volcanic eruption, lava, ash and various gases are expelled, then hung in the air and spread the nearby areas, resulting in many problems such as respiratory disease or lack of food. for example, the 1815 eruption of mount tamora made agricultural crops fail and livestock die, leading to one of the worst famine of the 19th century. furthermore, erupting volcanoes do not only have many hazards in the immediate vicinity, but they also are a thread to the aircraft where ash particles are melted by the high temperature. secondly, forest fire are happening on a large scale, losing thousand hectares of trees.
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