Etude des mécanismes physiologiques

Etude des mécanismes physiologiques et moléculaires gouvernant la promotion de la croissance des plantes et la mise en place de la résistance induite par des bactéries bénéfiques

Les plantes à fort intérêt agronomique/économique comme le colza et la vigne, sont souvent confrontées à de multiples attaques par des agents pathogènes. La stratégie actuelle de lutte contre les maladies de ces plantes repose essentiellement sur l'utilisation de fongicides. Cette pratique est non seulement coûteuse, mais provoque des dégâts sur l'environnement et la santé humaine. Ainsi, des stratégies durables de protection des plantes doivent être mises en œuvre pour contrôler le développement des maladies des cultures, tout en protégeant l’environnement. Certaines bactéries non-pathogènes sont capables de conférer aux plantes une meilleure croissance et/ou tolérance aux stress biotiques. Le sujet de thèse proposé vise à élucider les mécanismes physiologiques et moléculaires impliqués dans la biostimulation chez le colza et la vigne et dans la résistance induite par ces rhizobacteries contre les agents pathogènes biotrophes et nécrotrophes. L’utilisation de la plante modèle Arabidopsis, apparentée au colza, permettra d'élucider les voies de signalisation induites conduisant d’une part à la promotion de croissance des plantes (biostimulation) et d’autre part à la mise en place d’une résistance locale et systémique par le biais d’une étude moléculaire et de validation fonctionnelle (mutants et génotypes de différents niveaux de résistance).

Kết quả (Anh) 1:

Study of the physiological and molecular mechanisms governing the promotion of the growth of plants and the establishment of beneficial bacteria-induced resistanceStrong agricultural/economic interest such as rapeseed and vine plants, often face multiple attacks by pathogens. The current strategy to fight against diseases of these plants is based essentially on the use of fungicides. This practice is not only costly, but causes damage on the environment and human health. Thus, sustainable plant protection strategies must be implemented to control the development of the diseases of crops, while protecting the environment. Some non-pathogenic bacteria are able to give plants a better growth and/or tolerance to biotic stresses. Thesis topic proposed aims to elucidate the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in the biostimulation in rapeseed and vine and resistance induced by these rhizobacteria against pathogens biotrophic and necrotrophs. The use of the model plant Arabidopsis, related to rapeseed, will allow to clarify the signaling pathways induced leading to the promotion of growth of plants (biostimulation) and to the implementation of local and systemic resistance through a molecular study and functional validation (mutants and genotypes of different levels of resistance).

Kết quả (Anh) 2:

Physiological and molecular mechanisms governing the promotion of plant growth and the development of resistance induced by beneficial bacteria Plants with high agronomic / economic interest such as rapeseed and vines, often face multiple attacks pathogens. The current strategy against diseases of these plants is mainly based on the use of fungicides. This practice is not only expensive but causes damage to the environment and human health. Thus, sustainable strategies for protecting plants should be implemented to control the development of crop diseases while protecting the environment. Some non-pathogenic bacteria are capable of conferring on plants better growth and / or tolerance to biotic stress. The proposed thesis aims to elucidate the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in biostimulation in oilseed rape and vines and induced resistance by these rhizobacteria against the biotrophic pathogens and necrotrophic. The use of the model plant Arabidopsis, rapeseed related, will elucidate the induced signaling pathways leading on the one hand to the promotion of plant growth (biostimulation) and secondly to the establishment of a local and systemic resistance through molecular analysis and functional validation (mutants and genotypes of different resistance levels).

Kết quả (Anh) 3:

Study of the physiological mechanisms and molecular mechanisms governing the promotion of the growth of plants and the establishment of the resistance induced by the beneficial bacteria

plants at fort interest agronomic/economic such as rapeseed and the vine, are often facing multiple attacks by pathogenic agents.The current strategy of fight against the diseases of these plants relies essentially on the use of fungicides. This practice is not only costly, but caused damage on the environment and human health. As well, strategies for sustainable protection of the plants must be implemented to control the development of crop diseases,While protecting the environment. Certain bacteria non-pathogens are able to confer to plants a better growth and/or tolerance to biotic.The subject of this thesis proposed aims to elucidate the mechanisms and physiological molecular involved in the biostimulation trial among the rapeseed and the vine and in the resistance induced by these based on rhizobia bacteria against pathogens and biotrophes necrotrophes. The use of the model plant Arabidopsis, akin to the rapeseed,Will help to elucidate the signaling pathways induced leading to a part in the promotion of growth of plants (biostimulation trial) and on the other hand to the establishment of a local resistance and systemic through a study molecular and functional validation (mutants and genotypes of different levels of resistance) .